Motivation as the Contrast Feature in Language Learning Theories
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2017
Pages:
46-49
Received:
27 April 2017
Accepted:
6 May 2017
Published:
6 July 2017
Abstract: Motivation has been the hot topic of debates and discussions by researchers and psychologists for many years. It has mostly been regarded as the key factor in energizing and directing human actions and finally responsible for human behavior. In language learning theories, motivation has also widely accepted as the most influential attribute in determining language learning accomplishments. Though, various theories of language learning proposed diverse views concerning motivation which were more or less related to each other. It has been manipulated and explained in different ways based on time emerging of such theories and the attitudes of scholars that were presented within different time intervals. This study tries to examine the contrastive views of motivation based on two language learning theories, namely behaviorism and communicative language teaching approach. It has provided theoretical argumentation on the role of motivation in language learning based on the two theories, how it has been observed or understood in different ways over time and how affects learners in language learning process.
Abstract: Motivation has been the hot topic of debates and discussions by researchers and psychologists for many years. It has mostly been regarded as the key factor in energizing and directing human actions and finally responsible for human behavior. In language learning theories, motivation has also widely accepted as the most influential attribute in dete...
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The Bemba Version of the Zambia National Anthem as Compared to the Original Version in English
Gerald Chishiba,
Mutale Charles,
Chola Musonda
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2017
Pages:
50-57
Received:
26 October 2017
Accepted:
27 November 2017
Published:
21 December 2017
Abstract: The original version of the Zambia national anthem was written in English and then translated into most of the 73 Zambian languages. This article looks at how the Zambia national anthem was translated from English into the local languages. However, due to many factors, we chose to limit our study to one language, namely Bemba, which is considered as the most widely spoken Lingua franca in Zambia. In this study, great emphasis has been placed on the various translation processes and strategies used to translate the Zambia national anthem from English into Bemba, in the light of the equivalence theory. The concept of equivalence has often been used to indicate that the source text and the target text share what a number of scholars refer to as “sameness” or similarity. Vinay and Darbelnet as cited by Munday [6] explain that equivalence applies to cases where languages describe the same situation by different stylistic or structural means. Translation is therefore perceived as a way of establishing a straight forward correspondence between individual words [14]. This article shows that various translation strategies were used to manage equivalence within the accepted proxies of optimum translation and weaker version translation. In other words, the equivalence levels between the source text (ST) and the target text (TT) were analysed. This work shows evidence of semantic and socio-cultural variance between the original English version of the Zambia national anthem and the translated Bemba version. It also highlights the fact that the translation of a number of lines are close to approximations of the original lyrics, while others have substantially been modified to communicate the message in the original version. The ingenuity and innovativeness shown by the translator(s) of the Zambian national anthem into Bemba encompass what Lederer [5] refers to as linguistic competence and world knowledge to grasp the sense of the source text and convey it to the target text. This article shows that equivalence between the source text and the target text can be established at different linguistic levels and using different techniques. Without equivalence, it would be difficult to consider any given translated text as a successful translation of the source text. In this study the translation from English into Bemba can be seen as the product of the translator’s choices.
Abstract: The original version of the Zambia national anthem was written in English and then translated into most of the 73 Zambian languages. This article looks at how the Zambia national anthem was translated from English into the local languages. However, due to many factors, we chose to limit our study to one language, namely Bemba, which is considered a...
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